How to correctly open incremental power distributi

How to turn on incremental power distribution correctly

the liberalization of incremental distribution investment business is one of the most concerned links in this round of power system reform. Since the first batch of pilot projects were announced in November 2016, local governments and various enterprises have paid close attention to and actively participated in the reform policies, and phased progress has been made. At present, the national development and Reform Commission and the national energy administration are planning the second batch of incremental distribution business reform pilot projects

compared with the liberalization of the power selling side market, the liberalization of incremental distribution business is facing a more complex situation, and some problems have also occurred in the pilot process. For example, in the process of project bidding, some provinces directly or indirectly designate project owners, which violates the relevant provisions of the notice on standardizing the pilot reform of incremental distribution business, "adhere to fairness and openness, and do not designate investment subjects", and "determine project owners through open, fair, and fair optimization through bidding and other market-oriented methods". All parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest version of the following standards, It hinders the fair participation of power enterprises and social capital in the competition of incremental distribution pilot projects; In terms of project planning, some provinces are completely prepared by a third party entrusted by the government, and there is no effective communication with power enterprises, resulting in the inability to effectively connect with the superior power planning, which may affect power safety and power supply reliability in the future; Some pilot areas also intend to take the opportunity of the liberalization of incremental distribution, follow the model of Shandong Weiqiao group, form a self financing area for the integration of power generation, transmission and distribution, create a "power price depression" at the cost of not paying policy cross subsidies, government funds and surcharges, and enhance the ability of the region to attract investment. This "Weiqiao phenomenon" is essentially a monopoly of the integration of power generation, transmission and distribution, which is not in line with the reform ideas of the power reform No. 5 document in 2002 and the power reform No. 9 document in 2015, It also destroys the fair competition order of the market, which is different from the situation of "many, small and scattered" of China's medical device enterprises

in the face of the new situation and the problems in the early stage of reform, it is necessary to re interpret the incremental distribution reform and respond to the problems and troubles concerned by all sectors of society at this stage: what is the connection between the distribution reform? How will the future placement integration company operate? What supporting mechanisms are not perfect for the orderly and standardized pilot reform of incremental distribution business

it is essentially different from the liberalization of power sales

incremental distribution and the liberalization of power sales are both important links in the new round of power system reform, but they are fundamentally different. Electricity sales is a competitive link, and the liberalization of the electricity sales side focuses on introducing competition and releasing the vitality of market players; Distribution is a natural monopoly, which has significant economies of scale and scope. Exclusive operation costs less and has higher efficiency than multiple enterprises. Therefore, incremental distribution opening focuses on introducing social capital, promoting the development of distribution construction and improving its operation efficiency

in the scheme design of this round of power system reform, the different economic and technological characteristics of the four links of power generation, transmission, distribution and sales in the power industry have been fully considered. Document No. 9 proposed to "release both ends and supervise the middle", that is, release the two competitive links of power generation and sales, and the transmission and distribution of the middle link is still operated exclusively under the strict supervision of the government. The supporting document "Implementation Opinions on promoting the reform of power distribution side" also clearly stipulates that "there can be multiple power distribution companies in the same power supply business area, but only one company has the right to operate the distribution", that is, after the release of power distribution business, hundreds of power distribution companies can be introduced into the same area to compete at the same time, but only one power distribution operator, which is still a monopoly

in terms of access mechanism, there are also significant differences in the opening of electricity rationing. The access threshold for power sales liberalization is not high on the whole, and graded access is implemented. Different registered capital (the stress change on the minimum measured sample is not less than 20million yuan) corresponds to different power sales scales. Power generation companies and other social capital that meet the conditions can invest in the establishment of power sales companies. And according to the process of "one commitment, one registration, one publicity and three filing", you can voluntarily register as a qualified market subject and participate in power market transactions. Relatively loose conditions have led to the emergence of a large number of small and medium-sized power sales companies. When bidding for the pilot of incremental distribution business reform, there are complex and strict technical standards, which specifically involve the technical requirements of project construction, the reliability requirements of power supply, the technical specifications requirements of power supply facilities, the emergency support ability of project owners, the power supply service ability of project owners, etc., and the access threshold is high. At the same time, the state restricts the participation of power generation enterprises in incremental distribution investment, "power generation enterprises and their capital shall not participate in the investment and construction of special lines for power plants to directly supply power to users, nor shall they participate in the investment and construction of special lines for power plants to connect with the incremental distribution networks they participate in"

to sum up, the release of power rationing is a pair of "brothers with different personalities". However, these "brothers" may also "live in one family" in the future, that is, the operation mode of the so-called placement integration enterprise

9 "Implementation Opinions on promoting the reform of power sales side" defines three types of power sales entities: first, power sales companies of power enterprises; Second, social capital investment in incremental distribution, power distribution companies with distribution operation rights; Third, independent power selling companies do not have the power distribution operation right and do not undertake minimum power supply services. With the continuous promotion of the incremental distribution reform, the second type of power seller, namely the distribution and distribution integration company, will occupy an important share in the power sales market

however, even if "living in a family", there needs to be a clear boundary between the power distribution business, that is, the distribution business should be accounted for separately. The administrative measures for the orderly liberalization of distribution business stipulates that "the power distribution companies with distribution operation rights, if qualified, should account for the distribution business and competitive power sales business separately", which can promote the effective competition on the power sales side, Avoid the monopoly of electricity distribution in the manufacturing area by means of its distribution assets, which will damage the interests of users

open the way with mixed ownership

incremental distribution liberalization is a new thing in China, which needs to go through bidding, enterprise formation, project design, construction, merger, operation and other links, which need to be supported and guaranteed by supporting laws, regulations, policies and government supervision. At present, it is not perfect and needs to be promoted, summarized, explored and improved at the same time

in the bidding process, it is necessary to clarify the access qualifications of investment subjects to ensure the fairness of project bidding; In the planning, construction, consolidation, operation and maintenance of power distribution, it is necessary to unify standards, avoid disorderly and repeated construction, and ensure the construction quality; In terms of income accounting, it is necessary to establish a voltage level transmission and distribution price mechanism that reflects the obligation of cross subsidy, and clarify the price standard of household power supply and sale services; For universal service, it is necessary to clarify the division, fund-raising, operation management and guarantee mechanism after the incremental distribution reform; Formulate access and exit mechanisms for various investment entities and establish a credit evaluation system; wait. The formulation of various supporting mechanisms requires the normative guidance of the central government, and the relevant implementation rules issued by the provincial governments are strictly implemented

according to the work progress of most pilot projects, the most important work involved at present is to determine the owners of incremental distribution business projects. It should be recognized that the incremental distribution investment business involves a wide range and complex content. In the early stage of the reform, the establishment of mixed ownership enterprises with state-owned power enterprises and social capital "opens the way", which helps to promote the smooth progress of the reform and is in line with the overall interests of the whole society. On the one hand, taking the power company as the Party of mixed ownership and participating in the competition together can ensure the unified planning and safe and stable operation of electricity, and reduce the power supply cost and investment risk; On the other hand, the addition of social capital will promote the power companies to change the original operation mode and corporate governance mode, and carry out innovative development, so as to further improve the operation efficiency and improve the quality of power supply services

in fact, at this stage, the reform of power system and the reform of state-owned enterprises are carried out at the same time. As an important breakthrough in the reform of state-owned enterprises, the reform of mixed ownership can appropriately replace oil. It will take substantive steps in key energy fields such as power, oil and natural gas, and develop incremental distribution business in the form of mixed ownership, which will also help to meet the common goals of the reform of mixed ownership of state-owned enterprises and power reform